Towing a Boat in the Rockies: Gearing and Brakes

Mountain passes separate day-trippers from prepared towers. Steep grades, tight corners, and runaway truck ramps aren't there for decoration.

Know Your Grades

Highway 1 through Rogers Pass, the Icefields Parkway, and Highway 93 South all feature sustained 6-8% grades. At 8%, a 6,000 lb boat-and-trailer combo adds the equivalent of 480 lbs of extra pulling resistance.

Trailer Brakes Are Not Optional

Alberta law requires trailer brakes on any trailer over 2,000 kg (4,400 lbs) gross weight. Even if you're under that limit, electric trailer brakes are strongly recommended for mountain towing.

• Electric brakes: Controlled by a brake controller in the truck; adjustable and progressive
• Surge brakes: Hydraulic, actuated by the trailer pushing against the hitch; common on boat trailers

Transmission Cooling

Automatic transmissions generate massive heat when towing uphill. An auxiliary transmission cooler is cheap insurance ($100-200 installed). Monitor trans temp if your truck has a gauge.

Downhill Technique

1. Shift to a lower gear (Tow/Haul mode on automatics)
2. Use engine braking—don't ride the brakes
3. Brake in pulses if needed; let brakes cool between applications
4. Watch for brake fade (pedal goes soft, stopping power decreases)

Weight Distribution

Tongue weight should be 10-15% of total trailer weight. Too little tongue weight = trailer sway at highway speed. Too much = rear sag and light steering. Use a weight-distribution hitch for heavy loads.